Investigatory Project Essay Example for Free

Investigatory Project Essay nation is a multiplex mixture of inorganic materials with variable amounts of air and water. The inorganic materials includes clay, silt, sand, gravel and rocks. Soil is a variable mixture of minerals, inorganic matter, and water, making it capable of supporting prepare life. But as the time passes by, problems arise in relevance to soil utilization such as erosion, floods, estateslides and earthquake. So, the study of soil has been done by the land use planners to evaluate natural hazards and the soil capability through waste management, appropriateness for agriculture, wildlife, and for infrastructure. In India, Soil Erosion is among the leading areas of concern of the government. It affects cultivation and market-gardening in the country in adverse and unfavorable ways. Soil erosion leads to deprivation of physical characteristics of soils and damages plants and crops. In India almost 130 million hectares of lands, that is 45% of total geograph ical surface area, is affected by serious soil erosion through gorge and gully, shifting cultivation, cultivated wastelands, sandy area, desserts, and water logging.Soil erosion by rain and rivers that takes place in hilly areas causes severe landslides and floods while cutting trees for agricultural implements, firewood and timber grazing by a self-aggrandizing number of livestock ones and above the carrying capacity of grass lands, traditional agricultural practices, construction of roads, indiscriminate quarrying and other activities, have all led to the inauguration of hill-faces to extreme soil erosion. Soil erosion and desertification in the Philippines is greatly impacting the nation. 100 years ago at least 95% of the country was covered by lush rain forest. Over 15 years, from 1990 to 2005 the Philippines lost one third of its forest due to relentless logging. Although the desertification rate has dropped from 20% in the 1990s to at once a small percentage of two. Inhabita nts of the Philippines have been around four thousand of years end with hundreds and hundreds of years of destructive agriculture.

Lord of the Flies Essay Example for Free

Lord of the Flies EssayDeep inside each individual is a psychological picking to be made between costly and evil. In William Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies, this choice and its subsequent results are represented by Ralph and old salt. With no rules and no adults on the island to guide them, Jack enforces into his evil desires. Whereas Ralph struggles to maintain a sense of humanity and constantly tries to strive to do good. Both started off as slope schoolboys, notwithstanding when left alone on the island human nature t lay offs to make the choices. When the boys first land on the island they still comport their childish innocence.They still remember their slope upbringing. They work together to build a civilized community like back in the adult world they have suddenly been separated from. all the same though Ralph was chosen leader, Jack agrees there is a need for rules, I agree with Ralph. Weve got to have rules and obey them. After all, were not savages. We are English, and English are best at everything. So, weve got to do the right things. (38). But slowly his actions started to change. He realized there were no repercussions for his actions. He was free from punishment. He chose to give in to his evil desires.And when he painted a mask on his face, he lost all sense of humanity, his transformation into a savage was complete. He began to dance and his laughter became a bloodthirsty snarling. He capered towards Bill, and the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness. (58). Jack used the mask to let out his evil desires and hide from shame. He was masking his the identity of what was a chapter chorist and head boy into a maniacal and manipulative savage. But, the mask cant hide the fact that we are capable of evil.Evidently the only thing separating us is our choices. Whereas Jack chose to be evil, Ralph overcome his national desires to do evil. Ralph was chosen by the other boys to be the leader of the group. Instead of using his new power for his own selfish needs, Ralph used it for the greater good of the group. Ralph solely survived to be rescued and made sure a signal fire was built. Your only hope is a signal fire going as long as theres light to see. Then maybe a shipll notice the smoke and come and rescue us and hook on us home. (164).Ralph believe that a signal was their nly hope of being rescued which was true because that is all the boys had to draw any attention to the island. Ralph was not just sentiment about himself when he was trying to get rescued because not only would he get rescued so would have everybody else, including Jack. While Jack did not care about getting rescued he worried more about how much bigger and more powerful his group was, and they also had cash in ones chips more evil. Ralph chose to align himself with Piggy to admirer him stay righteous. Ralph was voicing Piggys ideas while he was chief.Ralph used Piggys intellect to help him stay civilized and on the good side. Near the end of the novel, corruption and evil started to take over almost all the boys and Piggy dies. His death emphasizes the end of intellectuality and what is good in society. Ralph is left alone and he slowly starts to turn to savagery, in the last chapter. He is being hunted down like an puppet by other boys and he has to act like an animal to survive. Before Ralph could fully turn into a savage, he and the rest of the boys are rescued by a British officer.Back in some semblance of society, Ralph realizes all of the boys in their own way gave into some type of savagery. And in the middle of them, with smutty body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of mans heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy. (186). In recognition of what Ralph thought was civilized, and in humans what actually was, Ralph wept because he also knew that Piggy was their only l ink keeping them somewhat civilized.When piggy died even Ralph started to turn to savagery, but fortunately for Ralph the fire that could have killed him, saved him. Clearly without help we cannot fully overcome the evil deeply hidden inside of us. Finally, we are all capable of good and evil, its a matter of choice. Our choices can lead to our corruption and they can lead to our salvation. Only with assistance are we humans able to over power the opposing forces not willing for us to do good. Humans possess the intelligence to distinguish between right and wrong, they must have discernment to choose for themselves what their morals are.

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People Essay

The Principal Psychological Perspectives Children And Young People EssayHumanistic flak focuses on each individuals needs, potential, growth and self-actualization, as they bank that lot are all different because everyone is collarn as an individual. Humanistic starts from the assumption that every individual has their cause unique way of understanding the world and that the things they do only make sense in this path. Furthermore military manistic also openly supports the persuasion that citizenry cause a free will and are capable of choosing their own actions towards growth and fulfilment of their own potentials as their roles are focused on how plurality can be helped to fulfil their potentials and lead more satisfied lives as the main strength of the humanistic attack is to emphasize the role of the individuals and the subjective meanings to them.Carl Rogers idea of behaviour was focused on the self, which is the someones consciousness of their own identity. Rogers b elieved that hoi polloi could only fulfil their potentials for growth if they had a basic positive view of themselves such as having a positive self regard, self creation, self esteem and self confidence. These are important as it is made up of how we assess ourselves and how we see our personality and how we rate our skills and abilities as when we have self esteem our assessment is more positive. This also would occur if individuals have the absolute positive concept off of other people, for example if individuals are being valued and respected without hesitation by those around, people would then gain positive concepts towards themselves and if these needs are not met or fulfilled people would see themselves as worthless, useless, unlove or hopeless. From a young age people start to form a self concept as people around them such as parents or siblings, for example young children may want to dress up as their parents or move on their siblings clothings as they seek to gain a cceptance and positive feedbacks. Mostly many childrens form self concept from the media as it is worldwide and the fashionable clothings they see on TV they may feel to copy off it to keep up with the fashion that out or to feel good about themselves and for others to sycophancy them as the media could put many ideas in childrens head.Carl Rogers also believed that if at a young age, childrens are bad, ugly, dumb or silly they will grow in to always thinking these negative self concepts about themselves as when young children gain a negative comment it would stick to them till their older and may also start to have doubt or limit their abilities or skills due to containing the negative aspects upon themselves. Carl Rogers noticed and acknowledged there is a barrier as most people do not gain positive concepts off of others as it is being unreserved. Rather, people think they will only be loved and valued if they meet certain conditions of worth, for example being well behaved and passing exams etc. these conditions of worth creates strength within the self between the solid self such as how the person really is and the ensample self such as how others think they should be. Carl Rogers saw that people try to close the gaps between the real and the ideal self but most people do this in unhelpful ways such as chasing come uponments that would not make themselves satisfied or to change their view of themselves of the world.Abraham Maslows view of human needs was more complex than Carl Rogers. As Carl Rogers believed that people needed unconditional positive regard, Abraham Maslow acknowledged that people have a variety of different needs that change and needs to be satisfied at different times. Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) was a psychologist who described a hierarchy of human needs as he believed that everyone should seek to be the best that they can be holistically. Unless our physical needs are met, people will not be able to survive as the most basic needs a re towards the bottom and work its way up but before they move up their basic needs should be met before they approach the next level. Abraham Maslow believed that those who are fully satisfied all their needs might become self-actualisers which means those people who have fulfilled their potentials completely.FileMaslows Hierarchy of Needs.svgBasic Physical needs food and water, which is appropriate meets dietary and religious requirements and reflect individual likes try-on with high temperature which would allow people to move around and feel safe, clothing which is clean, comfortable and appropriate to the temperature of the weather and activitiesSafety and security needs living in accommodation which feels safe and secure, with chosen belongings around with sufficient money and privacySocial needs being able to maintain relationship which would make people feels cared for and loved as well as opportunities to make new friends and having interests and keeping in contact wit h family and friends though visits, telephone calls and email. This will allow the opportunity to get hitched with a group try different activities and spend time with family and friends.Self esteem feeling good about yourself and being treated with respect and arrogance by other people, as being treated as a person with rights to make choices and express thoughts and feelingsSelf actualization opportunities to express yourself through words, medical specialty or art, the chance to learn and develop new skills and be mentally stimulated, perhaps through hobbies, interests and contact with other people.P2 Explain different psychological approaches to health practiceP3 Explain different psychological approaches to social practiseApplying the Humanistic Approach to Health and Social CarePerson Centred ApproachThis approach is ground on the theory and philosophy of Carl Rogers as he became famous and well known after he had implemented and developed a particular fictitious chara cter of approach based on people working in a way that meet the needs of the individuals, and responds to a verity of different contexts. Person centred mean discovers and acts on what is important to a person as this would be done in a non-directive way by either councillors or therapists. They strongly believe in other peoples potential, ability and skill to make the right choices, regardless of other peoples own values, beliefs and ideas. They would have to give unconditional positive regards such as loving them regardless what and how the clients are. This counselling or therapy should make clients feel the idea that the therapists or councillors are supporting them within their experiences, feelings, beliefs and emotions. By having these needs met Carl Rogers believes that this would help the clients eventually accept themselves of who they really are or how they may look. This would also help them by how they view themselves and would start to think positively about themselv es such as worthy, valuable, precious etc. This approach will also empower people in being control of their lives and be the best they can be, as the person centre approach ensures people are safeguarded and have a voice to be heard and have a better future.A person centred approach is not the same way in people normally work as they would be additional such as a way of doing things differently, to achieve better outcomes for children, young people, their families and carers. The role of the person centre approach is to set up activities which are based upon what is important to a person from their own perspectives and which dedicate to their addition in society and then start to make progress. This approach is also vital for therapist or councillors to have empathy for example picturing them in the clients position such as what they may have been through or what they are feeling. For some that are dealing with difficulties in their actual self and their ideal self due to not match ing, would need someone who could really listen to them and advice them in the best way possible.

Effect of Liquid Tumeric Extract on Carcass Production

Effect of Liquid Tumeric elicit on Carcass workThe solution of fluidity tumeric rend supplementation on carcass production and chemical fictional character of broiler warmnessM. Hidayat, Zuprizal, Sundari, A. Kurniawati, A. K. Wati and A. KusmayadiABSTRACTThe economic consumption of this interrogation was to find place the erects of liquid turmeric extract (LTE) supplementation as a phytobiotic on carcass production and chemical quality of broiler chicken meat. The research is conducted with a directional pattern completely randomized design. Eighty-four broiler chickens were raised from day senior (DOC) to 42 age ageing chick. From DOC to 14 days old chicks were fed with commercial feed (ME 3,100 kcal/kg CP 22% Ca 1% P 0.75%). During 15-21 days of age stipulation a commercial feed miscellany and baseborn feed (ME 3,201.77 kcal/kg CP 20.21% Ca 0.90% and P 0.43%). At 22-42 days old addicted treatments. Seven treatments were replicated 3 times consisted of 4 broiler chickens for each replication. The treatments were arbitrary control (P1), negative control (P2), pee + LTE 2% (P3), water + LTE 4% (P4), water + LTE 6% (P5), water + LTE 8% (P6), and water + LTE 10% (P7). The results showed that LTE 10% importantly change magnituded (P0.05) on the carcass cargo, carcass percentage, meat protein and avoirdupois field of study.Keywords broiler chicken, phytobiotic, liquid turmeric extract, carcass production, meatINTRODUCTIONThe contribution of Indonesias animal farm in providing sufficient feed as a source of animal protein, especially meat, greatly depends on poultry meat, more specifically broiler meat. Data from the Badan Pusat Statistik (2015) reveal that the ordinary production of broiler meat in Indonesia from 2012 until 2014 was 52.03% of total national meat production with a broiler meat consumption of 86 g/capita/week, so that Indonesian baseball club bequeath lose more than half of animal protein feed from domesticated meat whenev er in that location is no production of broiler meat.Broilers in Indonesia usually are reared victimisation antibiotics as a feed additive produced by local feed companies in Indonesia. The antibiotics added in feed are usually employ as a treatment and prevention of infections (Barton, 2000) and ontogeny takeoff rocket (Barton, 2000 Dono, 2012 Daud et al., 2007 Hartadi et al., 2008) to improve the increment of broilers. Dono (2012) clarified that the effect of growth promoting antibiotics is strongly correlated with its ability to inhibit pathogenic microbes in the digestive tract. As a consequence, by inhibiting the growth of pathogens and reducing the toxic compounds from bacterium metabolism, it depose stimulate the digestive efficiency and support the acceleration of the growth. In attachment, according to Ajit et al. (2016), the beneficial effects of using antibiotics overwhelm the thickening of the intestine which leads to more nutrient absorption. Antibiotics that are frequently used as growth promoters include zinc bacitracin (Daud et al., 2007 Bintang et al., 2008), oxytetracycline (Hintono et al., 2007), virginiamycin (Sinurat et al., 2009), flavomycin (Ashayerizadeh et al., 2009 Gunal et al., 2006), and enrofloksasin (Widiastuti, 2008).However, using antibiotics as a growth promoter in feed has various deficiencies. Widiastuti (2008) explained that the use of antibiotics as a growth promoter produces antibiotic residue in broiler liver, breast, and t risque meat. Antibiotic residue tends to be dangerous when considering that the antibiotics used in poultry are the same as those used by humans.Several kinds of medicinal plants can beused as antibiotic replacements in poultry. This is caused by the presence of active compounds in the plants that have a imperative effect on the human bodys health. turmeric is one of the plant containing curcumin that functions as anti- bacteria (Rahmawati et al., 2015 Fitoni et al., 2013). Bhawana et al. (2 011) stated that the curcumin anti-bacteria working mechanism is examined with a transmission electron micrograph (TEM) analysis, which reveals that these particles enter bacteria cell walls by completely damaging the cell walls, resulting in cell death. The presence of this curcumin anti- bacteria characteristic is expected to have the same function as an antibiotic characteristic in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine, which will then result in better broiler growth. Curcumin, according to Prasanth et al. (2012), also has an antihiperlipidemic function. They dilate further that curcumin has a derivative compound from the hydrogenation process that is called tetrahydrocurcumin (THC), which is an antioxidative substance that possesses an anti-hyperlipidemic effect by reducing peroxide lipids and lipid compounds (cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid). This function will be beneficial when considering that broiler have a high fat capacity, so that the presence of additional curcumin is expected to be able to improve the carcass quality by reducing the broiler meat fat content.The curcumin active compound still has a deficiency related to its minimal systemic bioavailability (absorption) in digestion (Sundari, 2014). Other compounds sine qua non to be added in turmeric extract to optimize the function of curcumin. Research by Sundari (2014) shows that adding the compounds chitosan and sodium tripoliphosfate (STPP) are known to be able to cover the weaknesses of curcumin in the digestion process. Chitosan functions to improve the solubility and bioavailability of curcumin, while STPP acts to stabilize turmeric extract and chitosan by per tiering as a cross-linker. Sundari (2014) also reported that the formulation of turmeric extract + chitosan + STPP with turmeric extract dissolvent and ethanol dissolvent produces high production cost of Rp 6,060.00/g, so that water could replace ethanol to reduce the production cost.The purpose of this research is to discover the influence of adding liquid turmeric extract as a phytobiotic towards carcass production and broiler meat chemical quality as good as to find out the best concentration of liquid turmeric extract to produce carcass production and broiler meat chemical quality.MATERIALS AND METHODSInstrumentsThe instruments used in this research consisted of a group of 21 square cages measuring p x l x t = 80 x 50 x 50 cm, a chicken scale, food containers, drink containers, a thermometer and room hygrometer, a chicken and feed scale, a 500 ml measuring glass, a 50 ml measuring glass, a set of chicken whipstitching equipment, and a set of meat proximate chemical analysis equipment.MaterialsThe materials used in this research were one day old chicks (DOC) of male broilers, commercial feed, starter and finisher broiler formulation basal feed, boozing water, vitamins, ND 1 and ND 2 vaccines, fumigation material, honeyed turmeric, chitosan, citric acid, and s odium tripolyphosphate (STPP).Process of Making Liquid Turmeric ExtractThe steps of making liquid turmeric extract were as follows 1) fresh turmeric was peeled 2) the peeled turmeric was bleached with citric acid solution of 0.05% until it was all submerged in a temperature of 100oC for 5-10 minutes, and then it was thinly shredded 3) the sliced turmeric was then mixed with distilled water and mingle (a mixture of 400 g of fresh turmeric turn in 500 ml of distilled water) 4) the blended turmeric was then filtered, the dregs separated, and put through a filtrate 5) the turmeric extract filtrate was then added with 5 g of chitosan that had previously been dissolved in a 400 ml buffer of pH 4 citric acid using magnetic stirrer 6) the extract filtrate of turmeric + chitosan was added with 2.5 g of STPP, which previously had already been dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water using magnetic stirrer.In vivo Test of Liquid Turmeric ExtractMale broilers were raised for 42 days. From day old chick (DOC) to 14 days of age, thebroilers were given commercial feed with ME nutrient content of 3,100 Kcal/kg CP 22% Ca 1% P 0.75%. From 15 to 21 days of age, the broilers were given commercial feed and starter basal feed (Table 1) to adapt with the consumption of basal feed that was free of antibiotics, so that it could all be used in basal feed when given turmeric extract.Eighty-four broilers of 22 days old were divided randomly into 7 treatment groups. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications with 4 broiler in every replication. The treatments were applied for 21 days until the chickens reached 42 days old. The broiler grower basal feed (Table 1) was given ad libitum during the treatments. Seven treatments were assortediated based on the addition of turmeric extract in the drinking water, includingT1 positive control (water + antibitotic Zinc Bacitracin 12 mg /1000 ml)T2 negative control (water)T3 water + 2% liquid turmeric extract T4 water + 4% liquid turmeric extract T5 water + 6% liquid turmeric extract T6 water + 8% liquid turmeric extract T7 water + 10% liquid turmeric extractParameters ObservedParameter observed included carcass production (slaughter weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage) and meat chemical quality (water content, meat protein content, and meat fat content). The slaughter weight was obtained by weighing the chickens before being slaughtered. Two broilers were slaughtered in every replication of each treatment. The carcass weight was obtained by slaughtering the chickens until all the blood was removed and then separated from the feathers, head, internal organs, and feet, then it was weighed. The carcass percentage was obtained by dividing the carcass weight by the slaughter weight and multiplied by 100%. Meat from the right thigh was sampled and blended for chemical analysis included water content, crude protein content, and crude fat content using AOAC (2005). Data were analyzed with a directional pattern method using SPSS-16 program, and if there was a significant diversity (PThe slaughter weight of broilers given liquid turmeric extract and positive control (T1) were relatively higher compared to those of broilers in the negative control treatment (T2), which was only given plain drinking water. The results revealed that broilers given liquid turmeric extract with a dosage of 8% (T6) produced the highest slaughter weight and those given turmeric extract dosage of 10% (T7) produced the terminal slaughter weight.Fitoni et al. (2013) reported that turmeric with a curcumin active compound could inhibit the growth of coliform bacteria with a total of 108 cfu colonies compared with treatment without turmeric that contained more than three hundred cfu of coliform bacteria. The curcumin antibacterial mechanism was that these particles entered the bacteria cell walls by completely damaging the cell walls, so that it resulted in the cell death (Bhawana et al., 2011). There was an inhibition of p athogen bacteria, resulting in a reduction of nutrients in the intestine that were eaten by the pathogen bacteria, so that the absorbed nutrition by intestinal villi increased.The research also showed that giving a 10% dosage of liquid turmeric extract (T7) could reduce the broiler slaughter weight, after the previous T6 (dosage of 8%) showed the highest *Nutritional requirements unavoidably standards for 3-6week old broiler chickens (NRC, 1994) protein 20% Lys 1.0% Met 0.38% power 3,200 kcal/kg,Ca 0.9% P av 0.35%.** Masamix composition per kilogram vit A 810000 IU, D3 212000 ICU, E 1.8g, K3 0.18g, B1 0.112g, B2 0.288g, B6 0.3g, B12 0.0036 g, Co 0.028 g, Cu 0.5g,Fe 6.0g Mn 6g Iod 0.1g Zn 5g, Se 0.025g, DL-Met 212.5g, L-Lys 31g, Folic Acid 0.11g, As. panthotenat 0.54g. nicotinic acid (vit B3) 2.16g, CholinCl 60% 75g.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSCarcass ProductionThe broiler carcass production included slaughter weight, carcass weight, and carcass percentage, are presented in Table 2.Slau ghter cargoThe slaughter weight of broilers given liquid turmeric generally had the same as those ofslaughter weight. The same research results were reported by Pratikno (2010) that giving a turmeric extract dosage of 400 mg/kg body weight had the highest body weight (2,320.833 g). However, giving a turmeric extract dosage of 600 mg/kg body weight actually reduced the body weight (2,251.667 g).Curcumin was found to experience a character shift from an antioxidant to become a prooxidant when it was given in a high dosage (Saefudin et al., 2014). Research by Syamsudin et al. (2006) revealed that giving a curcumin dosage of 3,600 M in rat liver mitochondria isolate reduced the glutathione reductase (GR) enzyme exertion compared with the curcumin dosage of 60M which was lower. The lower GR activity could be caused by an accumulation of free cornerstone metabolites. The free radical compound could bulge from curcumin which had a trait shift to become a prooxidant in a high dosage. Th e body need more energy to detoxify free radical compounds. The amount of energy neededwould increase thetotal metabolizable energyin broiler chicken blood (Sundari, 2014), so that it would reduce the feed consumption, resulting in a decrease of body weight. The decrease of body weight was proven from research conducted by Kusmayadi (2015), who found that the feed intake of broiler given 10% dosage of liquid turmeric extract was only 3,285 g compared to those of broiler given 8% dosage of liquid turmeric extract (3,723 g). The lower feed intake caused the insufficient broiler nutrient needs in terms of quantity, so that the growth disrupted and the body weight decrease.Table 2. Carcass Production of Broilers Given Liquid Turmeric Extract in inebriation WaterMean at the same column with different superscript indicate significantly different (PTreatmentsSlaughter Weight (g)Carcass Weight (g)Carcass PercentageT12,917.7+ 87.36b2,101.2+ 77.8172.01+1.38T22,774.7+126.82ab1,974.2+127.2771. 13+2.75T32,832.7+193.90b2,105.3+206.8874.45+7.27T42,761.2+210.59b1,987.3+148.0472.24+6.57T52,816.3+ 31.00b2,031.3+ 78.3072.14+2.92T62,931.8+ 62.11b2,003.0+ 69.0068.32+1.79T72,644.2+178.51a1,869.2+161.7771.02+8.56Carcass Weight and Dressing PercentageThe carcass weight and dressing percentage did not show a significant difference (Pet al. (2009) that the final body weight was equivalent with the carcass weight. Carcass reflected body part of the broiler production (Resnawati, 2004) and the carcass percentage reflected the size of the broiler carcass.Meat Chemical toneThe results of the broiler meat chemical quality, which are included protein content, fat content, and meat water content are presented in Table 3.Meat Protein messageThe broiler meat protein content, which wassupplemented with 2% to 10% doses of turmeric extract in drinking water generally had the same protein content compared to the positive control and negative control with a throw up of 21.49 to 23.94%. Six-week o ld male broiler meat protein content was ranged from 20.21 to 22.08% (Soeparno, 2011), so that this results were relatively normal.Sundari (2014) explained that by giving turmeric extract, it would increase the nutrient absorption capacity, including protein, in the small intestine. Turmeric extract as a phytobiotic was also found to accelerate nutrient metabolism in cells (Pratikno, 2010). A smooth metabolism could be due to the curcumin activity in turmeric extract, which functions as an imunomodulator or antibody system (Dono, 2013). Jamilah et al. (2013) stated that good broiler immunity caused protein to be used to repair cell tissues, so that a high amount of protein was deposited inside meat. On another side, the bodys low immunity causes protein to be mostly used to repair cell tissues as well as form antibodies. Increasing the protein deposit in meat will be used for growth and not to increase the percentage of meat protein.Meat Fat ContentThe broiler meat fat content, whic h was supplemented with turmeric extract in drinking water with a dosage of 2% to 10%, generally had the same fat content (P0.05) as positive control or negative control did. Sundari (2014) reported that giving turmeric extract could increase the fat nutrient absorption in the small intestine. This reflecting that fat which was absorbed in the bodywould increase and deposited in the body, including meat in the form of intramuscular fat. Linder (1992) added that body fat also came from the transformation of excess glucose. On another side, Estanciaet al.(2011) explain that curcumin had increased lipid catabolism to decrease lipid in the body. In this research, the increase of lipid metabolism did not occur due to the ration which was fulfilled with energy from glucose. This sufficiency caused the fat unable to breakdown to become physical or heat energy, so that there was no reduction in broiler meat fat content.Table 3. Meat Chemical Content of Broiler Chickens Given Liquid Turmeri c Extract in Drinking WaterTreatmentsProtein content (%)Fat content (%)Water content (%)*T123.44+0.070.98+0.2073.08+0.57bT221.49+3.001.74+0.2373.41+0.33bT322.47+0.341.80+0.5272.91+0.42bT422.73+0.492.21+0.6873.14+0.84bT523.93+0.411.41+0.2373.07+0.77bT623.74+0.332.13+0.5171.80+0.80aT723.94+0.431.78+1.2071.96+0.43aMean at the same column with different superscript indicate significantly different (PMeat Water ContentThe meat water content of broiler which were given liquid turmeric extract revealed significant differences among the treatments (PIn vitro research which was conducted by Sundari (2014), revealed that the addition of turmeric extract could improve the digestion of dry matter, protein, and fat, because of the increase in number and height of intestinal villi,so that the area of the intestinal villi surface to absorb nutrients increased. A greater number of absorbed nutrients and better metabolism process because of the curcumin caused higher deposited nutrients in the meat, so that the dry matter of meat increased and the meat water content decreased.CONCLUSIONProviding liquid turmeric extract in the dossage 2% to 8% had the similar results of slaughter weight. Providing liquid turmeric extract (8 to 10%) can also reduce the water content in broiler meat. However, using liquid turmeric extract with a 10% of dosage has a negative effect in the reduction of the slaughter weight.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAn expression of gratitude is conveyed to the General Directorate of Higher Education, the UGM Animal Science Faculty academic community, and especially to the UGM Animal Science Students carry Forum (FOSMAPET) for their assistance in conducting the field research.REFERENCESAOAC. 2005. Official Method of the Association of Official analytic Chemist. 12th Edition. Published by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. Benjamin Franklin Station. Washington DC.Astuti, M. 1980. Rancangan Percobaan dan Analisis Statistik Bagian 1. Bagian Pemuliaan Ternak Fakulta s Peternakan UGM. Yogyakarta.Ajit, S.Y., G. Kolluri., M. Gopi., K. Karthik., Y. Malik and K. Dhama. Exploring alternative to antibiotics as health promoting agents in poultry a review. J. Exp. Biol. Agric. Sci. 4368-383.Ashayerizadeh, A., N. Dabiri, O. Ashayerizadeh,H. Mirzadeh, H. Roshanfekr, and M. Mamooee. 2009. Effect of dietary antibiotic, probiotic, and prebiotic as growth promotores on growth performance, carcass characteristics and hematological indices of broiler chickens. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 1252- 57.Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015. Data Peternakan Indonesia. Badan Pusat Statistik.Barton, M.D. 2000. Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human health. Nutrition Research Reviews 13279-299.Bhawana, R.K. Basniwal, H.S. Buttar, V.K. Jain and N. Jain. 2011. Curcumin nanoparticles preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 592056-2061. (Abstr.).Bintang I.A.K., A.P. Sinurat and T. Purwadaria. 2008. Penambahan antibiotika dan ampas mengku du sebagai senyawa bioaktif terhadap performans ayam broiler. JITV 137-12.Daud, M., W.G. Piliang, and I.P. Kompiang. 2007. Persentase dan kualitas karkas ayam pedaging yang diberi probiotik dan prebiotik dalam ransum. JITV. 12167-174.Dono, N.D. 2012. Nutritional Strategies to Improve Enteric Health and Growth Performance of Poultry in The station Antibiotic Era. PhD Thesis. The College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow.Dono, N.D. 2013. Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) supplementation as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diets. Wartazoa. 2341- 49.Fitoni, C.N., M.T. Asri and M.T. Hidayat. 2013. Pengaruh pemanasan filtrat rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa) terhadap pertumbuhan koloni bakteri coliform secara in vitro. Lentera Bio. 2217-221.Gunal, M. G. Yali, O. Kaya, N. Karahan and O. Sulak. 2006. The effect of antibiotic growth promotor, probiotic, or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinalmicroflora and tissue of broiler. Intern ational J. Poul. Sci. 5149-155.Hartadi, H., Kustantinah, Zuprizal, E. Indarto andN.D. Dono. 2008. Nutrisi dan Pakan Ternak (PTN 3302). Fakultas Peternakan UGM. Yogyakarta. pp. 62-63.Hintono, A., M. Astuti, H. Wuryastuti, and E. S. Rahayu. 2007. Residu oksitetrasiklin dan aktivitas antibakterinya dalam telur dari ayam yang diberi oksitetrasiklin dengan dosis terapeutik lewat air minum. J. Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric. 3264-70.Jamilah, N. Suthama and L.D. Mahfudz. 2013. Performa produksi dan ketahanan tubuh broiler yang diberi pakan step down dengan penambahan asam sitrat sebagai acidifier. JITV. 18251-257.Kusmayadi, A. 2015. Pengaruh Nanokapsul Ekstrak Kunyit Sediaan Cair dalam Air Minum Terhadap Performan dan Perlemakan Ayam Broiler. Thesis. Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta.Linder, M.C. 1992. Biokimia Nutrisi dan Metabolisme. (A. Parakkasi, eds). Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta.Mahfudz, L.D., F.L. Maulana, U. Atmomarsono and T.A. Sarjana. 2009. Karkas dan lemak abdominal ayam broiler yang diberi ampas bir dalam ransum. Proceedings of Seminar Nasional Kebangkitan Peternakan, Semarang, Indonesia, May 20, 2009. P. 596-605.NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy of Science. National Research Council, Washington DC.Prasanth, K.G., E. Kalpana, B. Dineshkumar, E. Monogaran, G. Geetha and R. Venkatanarayanan. 2012. Tetrahydro- curcumin Beneficial effects of HMG-CoA reductase enzyme and lipoprotein lipase enzymes in high fat diet-induced hypercholesteremia rabbits. Pharmacognosy Communications. 250-60.Pratikno, H. 2010. Pengaruh ekstrak kunyit (Curcuma domestica vahl) terhadap bobot badan ayam broiler (Gallus sp). Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi. 1839-46.Rahmawati, N., E. 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Effectiveness of Guidelines on Myocardial Self-Care

Effectiveness of Guidelines on Myocardial Self-C beASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF wellness GUIDELINE ON SELF CARE FOR MYOCARDIALINFARCTION PATIENTS.Patel Asha N.Abstract Heart disease is first of the largest killer diseases in the world. According world wellness organization estimated 17 million people worldwide coronary vascular disease. In developing country the cost of bypass surgery and angioplasty is very high. all person cannot affordable for taking treatment. this study helps to long-suffering just about egotism trade precaution and aw arness of disease and its minimizes the further complication. This study helps to myocardial infarct patient role to improve their wellness. This study is a observational study. The population of this study consists of medical exam college connected government hospitals in Gujarat state. This stydy include the 35 adjudicates in young-begetting(prenominal) and female. A structured questioner tool is prep atomic number 18d for assessing th e knowledge including six component ( ego care, modifications, exercise, pulse monitoring, diet, stress lessening proficiency) and check list, ratings scale prepared for assessing the mathematical process of their activities(pulse monitoring, muscle starching exercise, stress reduction technique) the finding is indicated that health aimline is very effective for the MI patient to improving their health and healthy life style. underlying wordsEffectiveness, Health guideline, Myocardial infarction, Performance rating scale observational check list.IntroductionThe widely accepted explanation of WHO in 1948 in preamble to its constitution which is follows Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely absence of any disease or infirmity. So according to W.H. O. health cannot be defined as a state but it must been as a process of lapse adjustment to the changing corresponding which we give to life. This is a dynamic concept.Heart disease is firs t of the largest killer disease in the world. Cardiovascular disease are major contributors to the global burden of chronic disease with 29.3% of global deaths and 9.9% of total disease burden, in call of disability- adjusted life years lost, being report in 2003. Low and middle income countries accounted for 78% and 86% of the CVD deaths and daily lost, respectively, worldwide in 1998.In India CVD is projected to be the largest cause of death and disability by 2020 with 2.6 million Indians predicted to die due to coronary perfume disease, each consist 54.1% of all CVD deaths.In resent year education has come to be considered as an integral component of health care. The modern philosophy of health care in every society replete in to consideration the physical, special for diet, psychological and socio cultural environment and other thing in that stress management using many technique like mediation, relaxation etc. MI is a chronic life long illness.The basic component of self car e applies to all cardiac patients but the care must be designed to control each person individual needs and habits.In order to meet learning needs of the patients, prepare health guideline on self care activities for the promotion of the health, prevention of further run a risk or complication, early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. It aims at the modification of life style change in diet, stiff exercise, avoid smoking and avoid alcohol and stress management for preventing health crisis.Objectives of the studyTo assess the knowledge of self care on myocardial infarction before and afterwards introducing health guideline and demonstration on self care activates to myocardial patients admitted in medical ward in medical college attached government hospitals in Gujarat state.To assess the performance of self care on myocardial infarction before and after introducing health guideline and demonstration on self care activates to myocardial patients admitted in medical ward in medical college attached government hospitals in Gujarat state.Literature reviewed alpha education after myocardial infarctionDuryee R, The efficiency of inpatient educational after myocardial infarction in that the educating the patient who has experienced a MI has long been a challenge for the professional go down on. Nurse has prepared volumes of acquireing materials to enlighten the patient who has experienced an MI. the purpose of this study was to review the research literature on in- patient education after MI published between 1975 and 1983 the review of 21 studies to determine what information is most important to patients whether inpatient teaching increase patient knowledge, whether lifestyle changes are affected by education and which instructional methods were most effective. Multiple teaching methods were used across the 21 studies reviewed individual and group posing led by nurse rehabilitators, slide sound presentation, videotape sessions with a nurse. The studie s demonstrated that audiovisual methods are as effective as presentations by an educator.Important of diet for heart disease.Miss Saramma Jacob A study of the knowledge of the patients and the relatives about the importance of common salt restricted diet as a therapy in some heart disease. This study was designed to explore the knowledge of the patients and the relatives about the importance of salt restriction and also the importance of using the prescribed measurement of salt. Through this of study it was found that knowledge of this patient and the relatives about the importance of salt restricted diet as a therapy and the relatives about the importance of salt restricted diet as a therapy in some of the heart disease has increased 10% to 70% proper explanation and teaching about the important of salt restricted diet is the reason for this increase in knowledge. All patients used the prescribed amount of salt within one day when they realized the importance.Robertson d and kel ler C. Relationship among health beliefs. Self efficiency and exercise love in patients with coronary artery disease. Many nursing care hours are dedicated to educating patients with coronary artery disease about their disease process and requisites life style changes in order to maximize life expectancy. New therapies may abort life threatening events, however control of the progression of coronary artery disease is ultimately dependent upon the patients cooperation in modifying risk factors. Too often health care recommendations go unheeded. The purpose of this study was to develop a model that would explain relationship among several variables that determined adherence to an exercise regimen. The variables were chosen from the health belief model and self efficiency theory. Study findings revealed a significant positive correlation between activity and sensed benefits and between activity and perceived self efficiency. There was significant negative relationship between acti vities and perceived barriers.HypothesesThe plastered post test knowledge slews of self care of myocardial infarction patients will be significantly higher than their suppose pretest scores at 0.05 level.The wet post test of self care activities scores of self care of myocardial infarction patients will be significantly higher than their mean pretest scores at 0.05 level.Operational definitionEffectiveness It refers to the power of the bringing a change in the knowledge and activities of myocardial infarction patients regarding self care activities after the administration of health guide line and demonstration of exercise from the knowledge and performance scores.Knowledge It refers to the myocardial patients for correct responses regarding self care activities on the structured knowledge test point and evidence from knowledge score.Activities It refers to the myocardial infarction patients ability to perform activities regarding pulse monitoring muscle stretching exercise, st ress reduction technique and tool as evidence from structured observational checklist and performance rating scale.Self care Those health generating activities that are undertaken by the person themselves.Delimitation police detective includes only medical college attached government hospitals.Investigation take only hemodynamic stable myocardial infarction patient.MethodologyThe present study is a quai experimental study. The methodology presents the population of the study, sample of the study, tools and technique used in this study, data collection, and plan for analysis.POPULATION the population of this study consists of MI patient admitted in medical college attached Government hospitals in Gujarat state.SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE patient who has a Myocardial infarction and hemodynamic stable admitted in medical ward. Researcher take the 35 sample that were use the purposive sampling method.TOOL USED the investigator has prepared tool for to check knowledge as well as activi ties of MI patients regarding self care. For to check the knowledge she prepared structured questionnaire and for observe the practices she prepared observational checklist and performance rating scale.PROCEDURE FOR DATA ANALYSIS for examen the hypothesis of the study the investigator analyze the data using frequency, percentage, standard deviation, t test and correlation.ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONThe data were tabulated, analyzed in terms of objectives of the study.Descriptive statically methods were employed for the analysis of tool. in that knowledge res publica mainly six area those are the related to self care, medicine, exercise, pulse monitoring, diet, stress reduction technique.Through the analysis and interpretation of data, researcher has described pursuance major findings of the study.Findings related to knowledge and activities areaThere was maximum compass of knowledge in exercise area. In the exercise area mean percentage of pretest was 11.4% and mean percentage of p ost test was 78.97%. It indicates that the 67.55% improver in area. According to the table it is the highest gain.Findings of sample related to knowledge of diet There was minimum gain in the area diet. In this area mean percentage of pre test was 61.42%whereas mean percentage of post test was 99.28% which suggests that 37.86% gain in the area.Findings of sample related to activates of the self care, stress reducing exercise and pulse monitoring There are 62.94% and 62.87% gain in area medications and pulse monitoring respectively. They are 2nd and 3rd in gain after the exercise. There was approximately equal gain in self care and stress reduction technique and providing information areas. It was 45.71% and 45.75% respectively.Finding of sample related to muscle starching exercise There was maximum mean percentage of post test in muscle starching exerciseAll over the knowledge score of MI patients before exposing the health guideline and demonstration, mean score of the sample wa s 3.14 after exposing the health guideline and demonstration, mean score of the sample was 8.11 the difference in knowledge and act score suggesting the knowledge gain by sample.Interpretation through comparing the mean percentage of pre and post performance test in each task. The data suggest that there was maximum gain in pulse monitoring it was 68.93%gain. There was 57.66 % gain in stress reduction technique and 59.61% gain in muscle starching exercise.It indicate the mean 8.6 score obtained by sample before demonstrate the activities and 34.2 score obtained after demonstrating the activities. to the myocardial infarction patients.ConclusionKnowledge deficit existed in all area of self care among samples admitted in medical ward in medical college attached government hospital in Gujarat state.The study in terms of health guideline and demonstration was found to be effective in enhancing the knowledge and skill of the samples regarding self care activities.IMPLICATIONS AND UTILIZA TIONSThe findings of the study have several implications in the nursing practice, nursing education, nursing administration and nursing research. nursing practice the study is relevant for nursing professional working in the area of cardiac circle around in the Indian setting. Nursing personal should plan teaching programmes and provide adequate information and guidance to such client who have myocardial infarction disease and they enhance their self care ability.Nursing education skill development is an essential component of professional life. The responsibility of instructor is in clashing scholars need in acquiring relevant knowledge to underpin the development skills. Attempts should be made to ensure that the learner is taught in such a way that it allows them to construct learning in a simulated context and then apply it into real situation. The focus should be on the learner under standing the process of acquisition rather than performance.They should develop health guid eline, self instructional module , audio- visual materials, booklet, pamphlet i.e. video, tap, slides etc. on cardiac self care for utilize them for teaching learning activities.Nursing administration the expressed learning need of client can be considered as index number for planning structured health programmes. nursing administration should promote and support preparation of such instructional material by nursing personnel and they should be educationally prepared at different levels to undertake such endeavors in order to assist clients, and the community in developing their self care potentials.Nursing research self care is a fundamental therapy for cardiac patients. Many questions remain to be answered about it. Research is needed to identify the optima ways to teach self care activities to cardiac patients. Nurses are available at all the time ti the patients in hospital. Research should be directed to exploring the nurses knowledge regarding self care of myocardial infarcti on patients or other cardiac diseases. There should be research studies conducted in different setting and on large sample.RECOMMENDATIONSThe following recommendations are made on the basis of the findings of the present study.A study can be replicated on a large sample, their findings can be generalised for a large population.Similar study can be conducted on nursing student.A study can be conducted develop and evaluate a self guideline n the form of pictorial booklet/ pamphlet for the illiterate group.A comparative study can be conducted for the two groups. ace group gives the treatment and other group is control group.A study can be conducted to identify life style of the cardiac patients.ReferenceWebsitewww.Cardiac family unit care.orgwww.Self care of myocardial patient.orgwww.diet for cardiac patients.comwww.excercise for cardiac patient.comwww.guideline for cardiac patient.comJournalsBennet sj, Savue MJ cognitive deficits among patients with heart failure. A review of liter ature J. cardiovascular nurse2003.Cardiac nurse preparedness to use self help groups as a support strategy. Journal of America nursing 1995, vol 22 p 921- 928Heart facts dallas TX American heart association2005BooksAlexander R.W. and schant, Textbook of heart.8th edition, health professional division, new York 1998Black J.M. Medical Surgical Nursing. 5th edition W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia 1999Dossey B.G. Guzzetta C.E. Critical care nursing Body- mind- center ,3rd edition, J.B. Lippincott Philadelphia 1996

The Importance of Communication in the Turnaround of SAS Essay

The Importance of Communication in the Turnaround of SASDefinition of conversationCommunication is the exchange of messages between peoples for thepurpose of achieving common meaning. Or it can define as the processby which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people.A fundamental of principles intercourse is that the symbols thesender uses to communicate messages must have essentially the samemeaning in both the senders and receivers minds.Purpose of communicationPeople communicate with each other in order to get the messages theyneed, and utilize them for the get along use, but whats concerncommunication different from general communication. Its not justgetting message for uses, but data involving in in operation(p) the tasks aswell. The purpose of communication can be divided into specificpurpose as follow- To convey information- To explain the nature and implications for the business- To establish rules for dealing with different situations- To stimulate ac tion- To create relationships between the members of the organization- To form collective decisions and render them generally acceptable- To instruct learning manual for operating a computer- To evaluate performance appraisal records- To meet human and cultural needsCommunication breakdownYou can neer assume that the message in your mind will be perfectlytransmitted to your receiver. We need to identify different patternsof communications and we need to draw conclusions most the most andthe least effective patterns of communication, and report theirevaluation to avoid misunderstanding. Communication breakdown happenswhen the recipient dont receive the meaning of the message orinterpret the message as the different meaning from what sender triesto encode. Communication breakdown can be seen from absences ofdecoding from the recipient.Factors of communication breakdown- Physical amazement it happens when something bother thecommunication and lead recipient or sender from transfer ring theinformation. Example when someone is talking to you and suddenly yourcell phone ring.- Different channel/ metier Sender should choose the appropriatechannel/ medium to assure that the information could be reach by therecipient. This involves adjusting the channel/ medium with ... ... thus Carlzon reinforces both verbally andnonverbal that he really means what it says in the red book.Furthermore, top management is willing to support the front line. Tocelebrate the initial turnaround, Carlzon sent either one of the 20,000employees a gold wristwatch. Since then, major efforts to communicatewith employees have helped SAS earn an international reputation forgood service.As the success of SAS, Ive suggested that good communication andassociated interpersonal processes in organizations are importantingredients of organizational effectiveness. Although effectivecommunication is critical to all management functions, it isparticularly vital to the leading function because it provide s anecessary conduit for efforts to interact with and influence others.Carlzon uses communication and interpersonal processes well to nurtureSAS unique culture. Thus, effective communication between individualsor within a meeting is the element that can lead the company go throughthe crisis and to the brightness. It is also the basis for the companyto implement the compatible and harmony environment and enhance its originative force among the industries.

Hindu Gods in the Rig Veda :: essays research papers

The Hindu Tradition1.)AgniAgni is mentioned as many different things such as the household non-Christian priest king god of sacrifice, just about brilliant leader of all gods, inclination granter, shines up in darkness, guardian of the order, lord of power and master of sacrificed food, always included in sacrifices to other gods, preferent priest, sharp sight of a poet, great speaker who inspires all with his shining speech, the first god to rejoice in human friendship, lord of tribes, the chief priest who finds riches and a combination of Indra (the strongest of all except Agni) and the wide striding Vishna who is worthy of reverence. Worshippers of Agni want to hold a safe household, find riches and treasure, grow as a person in wealth and happiness, give animal (human?) sacrifice to him, be inspired by his speeches, protection of their tribes and always be granted what they wish for. AngirasAngiras was mentioned just once in this text as the mediator between heaven and Earth. This name is related to the English word Angel.VarunaVaruna was said to have circle out the Earth, extended the air above the trees, put strength in horses, milk in cows, will power in the heart, fire in waters, the sunshine in heaven, Soma upon the mountains, caused rain by pouring his leather bag, moistened the Earth, to be the magic (maya) worker and measured the Earth to the Sun with a measuring rod.Worshippers of Varuna bear for reconciliation from him and forgiveness of sins or offenses.Mitra and AryamanThese two were listed but there were not any writings about them except that they did have powers. I wonder whether Aryaman is the attractor of the gods for the Aryan people or tribe.ManuThe first man on Earth according to the Rig Veda, he is the Clan founder or Adam, Noah, Abraham or Moses. He is only listed on these texts.IndraIndra is mentioned in these texts as the bull, the strongest of all that exist (except Agni), he is one of the most honored besides Agni, the warrio r king of 33 gods of Manu, wielder of thunderbolt, a slayer of dragons, killer of the first born dragon, overpowering the wily tricksters, the god who brought forth the sun, heaven and dawn, not having anymore enemies after Vritra, the greatest enemy of Indra, who challenged Indra, who is without shoulders. Indra killed Vritra with a thunderbolt, stone-broke his nose and crushed him.